https://neurosigns.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Master&feedformat=atomNeurosigns - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T05:01:12ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.29.0https://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=476Neurosigns:Main Page2020-04-25T17:04:03Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]</span>'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Contact Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Clinical Signs</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cerebellar Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cranial Nerve Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cutaneous Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Disorders of Speech and Language</categorytree> <br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Mental Status</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Motor Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Movement disorders</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Neuro-ophthalmology</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Reflexes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Sensory Signs</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to <span class="newwindow">[http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews]</span> and an 8th edition in 2019.</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div>In preparation<br />
[[File:Retinopathy-trainer.jpg|thumb|Description]]<br />
[[File:Fundus-viewer.jpg|thumb|Description]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=File:Fundus-viewer.jpg&diff=415File:Fundus-viewer.jpg2017-10-16T17:27:08Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Triple_furrow_tongue_in_myasthenia_gravis&diff=413Triple furrow tongue in myasthenia gravis2017-10-16T17:22:52Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div>[[File:Triple-furrow.jpg|thumb|Triple furrow tongue in a patient with AchR antibody positive, non-thymomatous, bulbar predominant MG. The furrowing resolved after treatment including thymectomy, prednisone, and mycophenolate.]]The triple furrow, or trident, tongue is a rare but characteristic manifestation of MG in which a midline and two parallel longitudinal grooves appear in the tongue.(1) The unusual furrowing pattern is usually accompanied by tongue atrophy. Muscle atrophy is not typically part of MG. Tongue and facial muscle atrophy occurs more commonly in the MuSK (muscle specific tyrosine kinase) variant of the disease. MG with MuSK antibodies is a subgroup of seronegative MG characterized clinically by severe, predominantly faciobulbar weakness and the frequent occurrence of atrophy of the tongue and facial muscles.(2) It is much more common in females. MuSK antibodies are present in about 70% of patients with seronegative MG. <br />
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Tongue atrophy, as well as atrophy of other muscles, apparently occurred more often in the past before effective therapies were available and patients sometimes had severe, long-standing, poorly controlled MG. Many reports of muscle atrophy in MG date from a time before MuSK, or even AchR antibodies, were described. Disuse and functional denervation have been postulated as the explanation for the muscle atrophy.(3,4)<br />
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An MRI study showed thinning of the buccinator, orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles in MuSK-MG patients, whereas thinning of these muscles was not significant in patients with AChR-MG.(5) Tongue areas with T1W high signal were increased in MuSK-MG patients. The findings suggest that bulbar and facial muscle atrophy occur more commonly in MuSK-MG than in AChR positive patients. MuSK antibodies per se might predispose to muscle atrophy, or the often refractory nature of the condition causing more severe and longer duration disease may be a factor.<br />
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The figure shows a triple furrow tongue in a patient with seropositive MG. There is also mention in the literature of the triple furrow tongue occurring occasionally in myotonic dystrophy. <br />
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Figure courtesy of Dr. Vern Juel of Duke University.<br />
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==References==<br />
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1. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology: a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
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2. Hurst RL, Gooch CL. Muscle-Specific Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (MuSK) Myasthenia<br />
Gravis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016;16:61. <br />
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3. Brownell B, Oppenheimer DR, Spalding JM. Neurogenic muscle atrophy in<br />
myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1972;35:311-22. <br />
<br />
4. Kurihara T. Seronegative myasthenia gravis and muscle atrophy of the tongue.Intern Med. 2005;44:536-7. <br />
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5. Farrugia ME, Robson MD, Clover L, et al. MRI and clinical studies of facial and<br />
bulbar muscle involvement in MuSK antibody-associated myasthenia gravis. Brain.<br />
2006;129:1481-92. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=File:Triple-furrow.jpg&diff=412File:Triple-furrow.jpg2017-10-16T17:21:36Z<p>Master: Triple furrow tongue in a patient with AchR antibody positive, non-thymomatous, bulbar predominant MG. The furrowing resolved after treatment including thymectomy, prednisone, and mycophenolate.</p>
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<div>Triple furrow tongue in a patient with AchR antibody positive, non-thymomatous, bulbar predominant MG. The furrowing resolved after treatment including thymectomy, prednisone, and mycophenolate.</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=404Neurosigns:Main Page2017-10-09T18:52:25Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]</span>'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Contact Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Clinical Signs</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cerebellar Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cranial Nerve Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cutaneous Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Disorders of Speech and Language</categorytree> <br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Mental Status</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Motor Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Movement disorders</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Neuro-ophthalmology</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Reflexes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Sensory Signs</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to <span class="newwindow">[http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews]</span>.</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=389Neurosigns:Main Page2017-08-17T11:54:35Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]</span>'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Contact Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Clinical Signs</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cerebellar Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cranial Nerve Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Cutaneous Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Mental Status</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Motor Signs</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Movement disorders</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Neuro-ophthalmology</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Reflexes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Sensory Signs</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to <span class="newwindow">[http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews]</span>.</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Clonus&diff=328Clonus2017-02-28T15:00:24Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ji_cidY70zc</embedvideo>The video demonstrates sustained ankle clonus in a patient with a spastic hemiparesis after a stroke. Clonus is a series of rhythmic involuntary muscular contractions induced by the sudden passive stretching of a muscle or tendon. It often accompanies the spasticity and hyperactive DTRs seen in corticospinal tract disease. Clonus occurs most frequently at the ankle, knee, elbow and wrist, occasionally elsewhere. The response is a series of alternating contractions of the agonist and antagonist. Ankle clonus consists of a series of rhythmic alternating flexions and extensions of the ankle. Unsustained clonus fades away after a few beats, sustained clonus may persist as long as the examiner continues to hold slight pressure against the sold of the foot. Unsustained (transient, exhaustible), symmetric ankle clonus may occur in normal individuals with physiologically fast DTRs. Sustained clonus is never normal. <br />
<br />
Ankle clonus is easiest to obtain if the examiner grasps the foot from below and quickly pushes upward while maintaining slight pressure on the sole at the end of the movement. Patellar clonus consists of a series of rhythmic up-and-down movements of the patella elicited by a quick, downward thrust. Clonus of the wrist (see Biotti and Vighetto), or of the fingers (see Moccia et al ) may be produced by a sudden passive extension of the wrist or fingers. A quick supination movement of the forearm can induce pronator clonus. Clonus of the jaw occurs occasionally (see Iodice at el). For an example of patellar clonus see [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1512677#t=article do Rosário ]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Biotti D, Vighetto A. Images in clinical medicine. Upper limb clonus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:e12. <br />
<br />
Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
<br />
[http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1512677#t=article do Rosário MS. Clonus Associated with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:e34 ] <br />
<br />
Fareedy SB, Pathak R. Ankle clonus. Clin Case Rep. 2015;3:520. <br />
<br />
Iodice R, Manganelli F, Dubbioso R, et al. Teaching video neuroimages: clonus of the lower jaw: an old sign that comes back. Neurology 2014;82:e96. <br />
<br />
Moccia M, Spina E, Allocca R, Barone P, Vitale C. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Finger clonus: When the pupil surpassed his master. Neurology 2016 ;86:e118-9.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Clonus&diff=327Clonus2017-02-28T14:59:30Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ji_cidY70zc</embedvideo>The video demonstrates sustained ankle clonus in a patient with a spastic hemiparesis after a stroke. Clonus is a series of rhythmic involuntary muscular contractions induced by the sudden passive stretching of a muscle or tendon. It often accompanies the spasticity and hyperactive DTRs seen in corticospinal tract disease. Clonus occurs most frequently at the ankle, knee, elbow and wrist, occasionally elsewhere. The response is a series of alternating contractions of the agonist and antagonist. Ankle clonus consists of a series of rhythmic alternating flexions and extensions of the ankle. Unsustained clonus fades away after a few beats, sustained clonus may persist as long as the examiner continues to hold slight pressure against the sold of the foot. Unsustained (transient, exhaustible), symmetric ankle clonus may occur in normal individuals with physiologically fast DTRs. Sustained clonus is never normal. <br />
<br />
Ankle clonus is easiest to obtain if the examiner grasps the foot from below and quickly pushes upward while maintaining slight pressure on the sole at the end of the movement. Patellar clonus consists of a series of rhythmic up-and-down movements of the patella elicited by a quick, downward thrust. Clonus of the wrist (see Biotti and Vighetto), or of the fingers (see Moccia et al ) may be produced by a sudden passive extension of the wrist or fingers. A quick supination movement of the forearm can induce pronator clonus. Clonus of the jaw occurs occasionally (see Iodice at el). For an example of patellar clonus see [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1512677#t=article do Rosário ]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Biotti D, Vighetto A. Images in clinical medicine. Upper limb clonus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:e12. <br />
<br />
Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
<br />
[http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1512677#t=article do Rosário ] MS. Clonus Associated with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:e34<br />
<br />
Fareedy SB, Pathak R. Ankle clonus. Clin Case Rep. 2015;3:520. <br />
<br />
Iodice R, Manganelli F, Dubbioso R, et al. Teaching video neuroimages: clonus of the lower jaw: an old sign that comes back. Neurology 2014;82:e96. <br />
<br />
Moccia M, Spina E, Allocca R, Barone P, Vitale C. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Finger clonus: When the pupil surpassed his master. Neurology 2016 ;86:e118-9.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Tics&diff=222Tics2016-11-21T21:20:10Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtSChwXxn9o</embedvideo> Tics are quick, irregular but repetitive, stereotyped movements that are seemingly purposeful and involve a group of muscles in their normal synergistic relationships.(1,2) Concentration may suppress a tic temporarily but it quickly returns when attention is diverted. Voluntary suppression causes a sense of intolerable mounting tension and an urge to move that is temporarily relieved by indulgence in a tic. Tics are exaggerated by emotional strain and tension; they cease during sleep. Common simple motor tics include repetitive blinking, facial contortions, or shoulder shrugging. More complex tics can occur. Vocal tics often produce bizarre vocalizations, such as barking and grunting or sounds resembling a hiccup. <br />
<br />
Tics are very common and usually benign; patients with Tourette’s syndrome have exaggerated, complex tics, vocal tics, compulsive behavior and often have coprolalia (involuntary cursing).(3,4) The large repertoire of tics and the combination of motor and vocal tics distinguish Tourette's syndrome from ordinary tics. <br />
This patient had severe, multifocal, simple and complex tics and involuntarily shouted obscenities. He compulsively picked at his nose, enough to cause skin breakdown. <br />
==References==<br />
1. Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer<br />
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
2. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
3. Hallett M. Tourette Syndrome: Update. Brain Dev. 2015 Aug;37(7):651-5. <br />
4. Serajee FJ, Mahbubul Huq AH. Advances in Tourette syndrome: diagnoses and<br />
treatment. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015 Jun;62(3):687-701. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Movement Disorders]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Procerus_Sign&diff=221Procerus Sign2016-11-21T21:20:04Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Procerus sign.jpg|thumb|right]]<br />
Like risus sardonicus, procerus sign is a facial dystonia. It is seen most characteristically in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. There is contraction of the forehead muscles, particularly the procerus and corrugator, with knitting of the brows, raised eyebrows, lid retraction, widening of the palpebral fissures and reduced blinking. The expression is one of surprise, astonishment, perplexity or consternation. <br />
The facial masking (hypomimia) of Parkinson’s disease is quite different. This patient was seen with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease but instead had PSP. <br />
<br />
The term omega sign refers to wrinkles in the shape of the Greek letter Ω above the root of the nose caused by tonic contraction of the corrugator and has also been used to describe this facial appearance. In the older literature, omega sign was used to describe the facial appearance seen in depression. <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Morimatsu M. Procerus sign in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Intern Med 2002;41:1101–1102.<br />
<br />
Batla A, Nehru R, Vijay T. Vertical wrinkling of the forehead or Procerus sign in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Neurol Sci. 2010; 298:148-149.<br />
<br />
Romano S, Colosimo C. Procerus sign in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology 2001;57:1928.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Face]][[Category:Movement Disorders]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Striatal_Toe&diff=220Striatal Toe2016-11-21T21:18:59Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Striatal toe.JPG|thumb|right]]<br />
A “striatal toe” (dystonic toe) is tonic extension of the great toe that occurs in extrapyramidal disease, particularly conditions affecting the striatum. It resembles the great toe extension of Babinski’s plantar sign but is tonic and sustained, not accompanied by fanning of the toes and occurs without plantar stimulation. The striatal toe has been referred to as the pseudo-Babinski sign. The extended toe may occur in isolation or as part of a foot dystonia that includes ankle inversion, arching of the sole and flexion of the other toes (striatal foot). In the Bajonet posture, the extension of the great toe occurs along with hyperflexion and hyperpronation of the hands and feet and is seen in some basal ganglia disorders. <br />
<br />
In this 27 year old man with a 10 year history of Wilson’s disease, the great toe was tonically extended at rest, without any sort of foot stimulation, and the other elements of foot dystonia were not present.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
<br />
Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
<br />
Kumar S, Reddy CR, Prabhakar S. Striatal toe. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013;16:304-5. <br />
<br />
Winkler AS, Reuter I, Harwood G, et al. The frequency and significance of ‘striatal toe’ in parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2002;9:97–101.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Scapular_winging&diff=219Scapular winging2016-11-21T21:18:54Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Scapular winging action.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Scapular winging with arms raised]][[File:Scapular winging rest.jpg|thumb|Figure 2. Scapular winging at rest]]Scapular winging occurs when the scapula moves away from the chest wall during arm movement.(1-3) The two primary muscles responsible for stabilizing the scapula and preventing excess movement are the serratus anterior and the trapezius. With serratus anterior weakness, the scapula, particularly the vertebral border, juts backward primarily when the patient attempts to elevate the arms in front. With trapezius weakness, the winging is typically more obvious during shoulder abduction. Isolated serratus anterior weakness occurs with a long thoracic nerve lesion, isolated trapezius weakness with a spinal accessory lesion. In this patient with FSH, there was generalized periscapular muscle weakness; winging was present at rest and worsened with any arm motion.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
1. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
2. Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer<br />
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
3. Meininger AK, Figuerres BF, Goldberg BA. Scapular winging: an update. J Am<br />
Acad Orthop Surg. 2011 Aug;19(8):453-62. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Pseudohypertrophy&diff=218Pseudohypertrophy2016-11-21T21:18:49Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Pseudohypertrophy-2.jpg|thumb|right]]<br />
Enlargement of a diseased muscle due to replacement by fat and fibrous tissue. With true hypertrophy there is an increase in muscle fiber size or number. Pseudohypertrophy occurs in some neuromuscular disorders, especially in the dystrophinopathies - Duchenne’s and Becker’s muscular dystrophy. With progression of the myopathic process the muscle becomes infiltrated and replacement by fat and fibrous tissue. With true muscle hypertrophy, the muscle feels firm; with pseudohypertrophy the muscle appears enlarged but feels doughy or rubbery. Pseudohypertrophy occurs in other neuromuscular conditions as well, including juvenile proximal spinal muscular atrophy (Kugelberg-Welander disease), Kennedy’s disease, central core disease, centronuclear myopathy, limb girdle dystrophy, acid maltase deficiency, polymyositis, granulomatous myositis, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, and inclusion body myositis.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Pronator_drift&diff=217Pronator drift2016-11-21T21:18:44Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Pronator drift.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Pronator drift in a patient after a stroke; the drift was more conspicuous than actual weakness]]Pronator drift is a sign of corticospinal tract dysfunction.(1-3) When the arms are held outstretched with the palms up, the affected extremity will slowly drift downward, the elbow flexes and the forearm pronates.(Figure 1) Pronator drift may occur in the absence of demonstrable weakness to formal muscle strength testing. Pronator drift occurs because the muscles selectively innervated by the corticospinal tract, the extensors and supinators, are weakened. This allows the relatively preserved strength in the non-corticospinal tract muscles, the flexors and pronators, to overpower the extensors and supinators. The result is a slow downward drift accompanied by elbow flexion and forearm pronation. Pronator drift is one of the subtle signs of hemiparesis. <br />
==References==<br />
1. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
2. Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer<br />
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
3. Darcy P, Moughty AM. Images in clinical medicine. Pronator drift. N Engl J<br />
Med. 2013 Oct 17;369(16):e20.<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Popeye_arm&diff=216Popeye arm2016-11-21T21:18:39Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Popeye arm.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Popeye arm deformity in a patient with FSH muscular dystrophy]]Myopathies may have a predilection for affecting certain muscle groups. In FSH dystrophy the biceps and triceps are more severely affected while the deltoid and forearm muscles are relatively spared.(Figure 1) The thinning of the arm with relatively normal bulk of the deltoid and forearm resembles the drawings of the cartoon character Popeye.(1) The Popeye arm appearance is fairly specific for FSH.<br />
==References==<br />
1. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Pectoral_crease&diff=215Pectoral crease2016-11-21T21:18:34Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Pectoral crease.jpg|thumb|Pectoral crease in a patient with FSH muscular dystrophy]]A pectoral crease is a diagonal groove in the substance of the pectoral muscles running from the anterior axillary fold toward the neck that appears when there is shoulder girdle weakness. The usual cause is myopathy, particularly FSH.(1-3) Because of periscapular muscle weakness the scapula slides laterally, causing the arm rotate internally, so that the dorsum of the hand, rather than the thumb, faces forward. When this abnormal internal rotation of the arm and hand occur along with weakness and atrophy of the pectoral muscles the pectoral crease appears. When a patient is standing normally, the back of the hand facing forward and the presence of the pectoral crease are reliable indicators of significant shoulder girdle weakness.<br />
==References==<br />
1. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
2. Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer<br />
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
3. Nelson KR, Bicknell JM. Oblique pectoral crease and "scapular hump" in<br />
shoulder contour are signs of trapezius muscle weakness. J Neurol Neurosurg<br />
Psychiatry. 1987 Aug;50(8):1082-3.<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Hemiatrophy&diff=214Hemiatrophy2016-11-21T21:18:28Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Hemiatrophy 1.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Right hemiatrophy due to traumatic brain injury in childhood]]<br />
[[File:Hemiatrophy 2.jpg|thumb|Figure 2. Same patient]]Except for mild, late atrophy of the involved part due to disuse, upper motor neuron lesions do not cause the sort of severe muscle atrophy seen in lower motor neuron lesions. But with lesions that are congenital or occur early in life, the involved limbs may fail to grow normally, resulting in hemiatrophy to varying degrees in adulthood.(1) <br />
This patient fell and hit his head on a table at age 3. There was a faint left craniotomy scar, indicating a major intracranial injury that was managed surgically. He was left with refractory seizures and a spastic right hemiplegia with hemiatrophy.(Figures 1 and 2)<br />
Hemiatrophy may also complicate hemiparkinsonism.(2,3) Rarely, hemiatrophy is idiopathic.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
1. Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer<br />
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
2. Ayromlou H, Najmi S, Arami MA. Hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome. Arch<br />
Iran Med. 2011 Mar;14(2):152-4. <br />
3. Giladi N, Burke RE, Kostic V, Przedborski S, Gordon M, Hunt A, Fahn S.<br />
Hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome: clinical and neuroradiologic features.<br />
Neurology. 1990 Nov;40(11):1731-4. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Forearm_rolling_test&diff=213Forearm rolling test2016-11-21T21:18:21Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><embedvideo service="youtube" Alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZjGaXEtimc</embedvideo><embedvideo service="youtube" Alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kl3kOrt8fY</embedvideo>The forearm rolling test is one of the subtle signs of hemiparesis.(1) The patient holds the forearms horizontally with the fists and distal forearms overlapping, then rotates the fists around each other, first in one direction and then the other (Video 1) Normally, the fists and forearms roll about each other symmetrically with an equal excursion on both sides. With a unilateral corticospinal tract lesion, the involved moves less than the normal side, rotating in a tighter arc. The patient appears to plant, fix or “post” one forearm and to rotate the opposite forearm around it. Like pronator drift, patients may have abnormal forearm rolling in the absence of any weakness on formal testing. In Video 1, a patient with a mild left hemiparesis shows a decreased excursion of the involved side on the forearm rolling test. <br />
<br />
Finger rolling is a variant in which the patient rotates just the index fingers.(2) It is even more sensitive than the forearm rolling test. In Video 2, a patient with MS has normal forearm rolling but posting of the left index finger with finger rolling. There was no weakness on formal strength testing. In the thumb rolling test, the patient rotates only the thumbs.(3)<br />
<br />
Forearm rolling has a sensitivity of 17-87%, specificity of 97-98%, positive LR of 15.6 and negative LR of 0.6 in the detection of contralateral hemispheric disease.(4) Index finger rolling has a sensitivity of 33-42%, a specificity of 92-98%, positive LR of 6.0 and negative LR of 0.7 in the detection of contralateral hemispheric disease.(4) In a series of patients with mild hemiparesis, thumb rolling was more sensitive (88%) than pronator drift (47%), forearm rolling (65%) or index finger rolling (65%).22 Patients with bradykinesia or rigidity from extrapyramidal disease may also show decreased excursion of the affected limbs.<br />
<br />
Some of the other subtle signs of hemiparesis include pronator drift and other pronator signs, the digiti quinti sign, loss of fine motor control and decreased dexterity (e.g., finger tapping, foot tapping), leg drift and decreased arm swing on walking.(5,6)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
1. Sawyer, RN, Jr., Hanna, JP, Ruff, RL, et al. Asymmetry of forearm rolling as a sign of unilateral cerebral dysfunction. Neurology. 1993; 43:1596-1598.<br />
2. Anderson NE. The forearm and finger rolling tests. Pract Neurol. 2010<br />
Feb;10(1):39-42.<br />
3. Nowak, DA. The thumb rolling test: a novel variant of the forearm rolling test. Can J Neurol Sci. 2011; 38:129-132.<br />
4. McGee, S. Evidence based physical diagnosis. 3 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders, 2012.<br />
5. Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer<br />
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
6. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology: a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Fasciculations&diff=212Fasciculations2016-11-21T21:18:15Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><embedvideo service="youtube" Alignment="right"> https://youtu.be/ooZp8glIEGA</embedvideo>This patient has the brachial diplegia variant of ALS with severe weakness and wasting of his upper extremities but little to no lower motor neuron involvement of his lower extremities, progressive over two years. Profuse fasciculations are rippling through his shoulder girdle and particularly in the pectoral muscles. There is atrophy of both upper extremities. Notice the guttering of the hands due to atrophy of the intrinsic muscles. The legs are spared. <br />
<br />
Fasciculations are a characteristic feature of motor neuron disease. They can occur in any chronic denervating process but when this widespread and when accompanied by such weakness and atrophy the diagnosis of motor neuron disease is inescapable. Early in the disease ultrasound may detect fasciculations that are not as obvious by clinical examination.<br />
==References==<br />
Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
<br />
Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
de Carvalho M, Swash M. Origin of fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral<br />
sclerosis and benign fasciculation syndrome. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:1562-5.<br />
<br />
Mills KR. Characteristics of fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis<br />
and the benign fasciculation syndrome. Brain. 2010;133:3458-69. <br />
<br />
Swash M, Carvalho Md. Muscle ultrasound detects fasciculations and facilitates<br />
diagnosis in ALS. Neurology. 2011;77:1508-9.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Digiti_quinti_sign&diff=211Digiti quinti sign2016-11-21T21:18:10Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Digiti quinti sign.jpg|thumb|right|A positive digiti quinti sign on the left]] Abduction of the small finger on the side of a hemiparesis with the hands outstretched in drift position. The digiti quinti sign is one of the subtle signs of hemiparesis; others include pronator drift, impaired forearm and finger rolling, decreased arm swing when walking and impaired fine motor control. The digiti quinti sign is related to the finger escape sign and to myelopathy hand. This patient with cervical spondylotic myelopathy has a digiti quinti sign on the left.<br />
<br />
A tendency to abduct the small finger also occurs in ulnar neuropathy (Wartenberg’s sign) but is completely unrelated.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
Alter M. The digiti quinti sign of mild hemiparesis. Neurology 1973;23:503-5 <br />
<br />
Ono, K., K. Okada, and T. Fuji. "Finger escape sign (FES), an objective sign signifying pyramidal tract involvement of the cervical spinal cord." Orthop Trans 6.2 (1982): 181.<br />
<br />
Ono, K, Ebara, S, Fuji, T, et al. Myelopathy hand. New clinical signs of cervical cord damage. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987; 69:215-219.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Clonus&diff=210Clonus2016-11-21T21:18:04Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ji_cidY70zc</embedvideo>The video demonstrates sustained ankle clonus in a patient with a spastic hemiparesis after a stroke. Clonus is a series of rhythmic involuntary muscular contractions induced by the sudden passive stretching of a muscle or tendon. It often accompanies the spasticity and hyperactive DTRs seen in corticospinal tract disease. Clonus occurs most frequently at the ankle, knee, elbow and wrist, occasionally elsewhere. The response is a series of alternating contractions of the agonist and antagonist. Ankle clonus consists of a series of rhythmic alternating flexions and extensions of the ankle. Unsustained clonus fades away after a few beats, sustained clonus may persist as long as the examiner continues to hold slight pressure against the sold of the foot. Unsustained (transient, exhaustible), symmetric ankle clonus may occur in normal individuals with physiologically fast DTRs. Sustained clonus is never normal. <br />
<br />
Ankle clonus is easiest to obtain if the examiner grasps the foot from below and quickly pushes upward while maintaining slight pressure on the sole at the end of the movement. Patellar clonus consists of a series of rhythmic up-and-down movements of the patella elicited by a quick, downward thrust. Clonus of the wrist (see Biotti and Vighetto), or of the fingers (see Moccia et al ) may be produced by a sudden passive extension of the wrist or fingers. A quick supination movement of the forearm can induce pronator clonus. Clonus of the jaw occurs occasionally (see Iodice at el). <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Biotti D, Vighetto A. Images in clinical medicine. Upper limb clonus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:e12. <br />
<br />
Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
<br />
Fareedy SB, Pathak R. Ankle clonus. Clin Case Rep. 2015;3:520. <br />
<br />
Iodice R, Manganelli F, Dubbioso R, et al. Teaching video neuroimages: clonus of the lower jaw: an old sign that comes back. Neurology 2014;82:e96. <br />
<br />
Moccia M, Spina E, Allocca R, Barone P, Vitale C. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Finger clonus: When the pupil surpassed his master. Neurology 2016 ;86:e118-9.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=APB_Atrophy&diff=209APB Atrophy2016-11-21T21:17:57Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:APB atrophy 1.jpg|link=|thumb|left]]<br />
[[File:APB atrophy 2.JPG|link=|thumb|right]]<br />
This hard working plumber ignored his CTS sxs for years. Examination showed significant APB weakness bilaterally. On the left, the APB was atrophic. A good way to detect subtle APB atrophy is to observe both hands held vertically, palm to palm, comparing the curvature of the two muscle bellies, as shown in the photo on the right.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Hands]][[Category: Motor Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Steppage_Gait&diff=207Steppage Gait2016-11-21T21:16:33Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l5STt12uTo</embedvideo>The patient with a steppage, or equine, gait lifts one or both feet higher than normal. This kind of high-stepping gait occurs under two very different circumstances. A patient with severe foot drop cannot dorsiflex the foot. To permit the toes to clear during the stride phase and avoid tripping, he lifts the foot as high as possible by exaggerated flexion of the hip and knee, then throws the foot out as he puts it down. In normal walking, heel strike occurs first; with a foot drop, the toes fall to the floor first. The touching of toe then heel creates a characteristic “double tap.” <br />
Causes of unilateral foot drop and steppage gait include peroneal nerve palsy and L5 radiculopathy. Causes of bilateral foot drop and steppage gait include ALS, CMT disease and other severe peripheral neuropathies, and certain forms of muscular dystrophy. This patient had severe CMT disease with marked atrophy below the knee and 0/5 strength in the foot dorsiflexors bilaterally. There is also marked atrophy of the hand muscles. <br />
<br />
[[Sensory Ataxia|Sensory ataxia]] may also cause a steppage gait because the patient lifts the feet up high and then slaps or stamps them down smartly to improve proprioceptive feedback. The gait of sensory ataxia may also cause a double tap but in that case the heel strikes first and smartly as the patient stamps the foot to the ground to improve proprioceptive feedback. The sound of the two varieties of double tap is quite different. <br />
A pronounced steppage gait due to foot drops is much more common than a steppage gait from sensory ataxia. In severe polyneuropathies, the steppage gait may have components of both sensory ataxia and foot drop. <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
<br />
Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
<br />
Maranhao-Filho P, Maron RM, de Rosso AL. Teaching Video NeuroImage: Waddling-steppage gait secondary to spinal arachnoid cyst: an exceptional surgical outcome. Neurology 2008;70:e85.<br />
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[[Category:Walking]][[Category:Gait and Station]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Ramsay_Hunt_syndrome&diff=206Ramsay Hunt syndrome2016-11-21T21:15:30Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div>[[File:Ramsay Hunt.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Vesicles in the ear canal in a patient with Ramsay Hunt syndrome]][[File:Ear vesicles Reich.jpg|thumb|Figure 2. Another case with vesicles in the ear canal. Photo courtesy of Dr. Stephen Reich]]Ramsay Hunt syndrome (geniculate herpes) is a peripheral facial palsy due to a varicella zoster virus (VZV) attack involving the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion. (1-4) Due to the very proximal involvement, the facial weakness is often accompanied by taste impairment, hyperacusis, and diminution of salivary and lacrimal secretion, all markers of a very proximal facial nerve lesion. Pain in and behind the ear may be prominent, more than the mild mastoid aching in the typical case of Bell’s palsy. Vesicles may appear on the TM, in the EAC, on the lateral surface of the pinna and in the cleft between the ear and mastoid process (Figures 1 and 2). Occasionally, the herpetic eruption may also involve the palate or the neck. Hunt described two types: an otalgic form with pain in the ear and a prosopalgic form with pain deep in the face.<br />
Some patients develop facial paralysis without ear or mouth rash but associated with serologic or DNA evidence of VZV infection (zoster sine herpete, zoster sine zoster). Vesicles may develop only after the onset of facial weakness. It has been estimated that up to one-third of Bell’s palsy cases may be due to zoster sine herpete. Compared with Bell’s palsy, patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome often have more severe paralysis at onset and are less likely to recover completely.<br />
==References==<br />
1. Bhupal HK. Ramsay Hunt syndrome presenting in primary care. Practitioner 2010; 254:33-53.<br />
2. Gupta NM, Parikh MP, Panginikkod S, Gopalakrishnan V. Ramsay Hunt syndrome.<br />
QJM. 2016 Oct;109(10):693. <br />
3. Serinken M, Eken C, Dal O, Kutlu M. Man With Facial Nerve Palsy and Ear Pain. <br />
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 Jan;67(1):141, 148. <br />
4. Sweeney CJ, Gilden DH. Ramsay Hunt syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71:149-154.<br />
[[Category:Cranial Nerve Signs]][[Category:Cutaneous Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Internuclear_ophthalmoplegia&diff=205Internuclear ophthalmoplegia2016-11-21T21:15:21Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbzdECwXovQ&feature=youtu.be</embedvideo>An internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is an ocular motility disorder due to a lesion involving the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF).(1-2) The primary function of the MLF is to synchronize adduction and abduction on lateral gaze. Lesions of the MLF disrupt communication between the nucleus of CN VI in the pontine paramedian reticular formation, which initiates lateral gaze, and the nucleus of CN III in the midbrain, hence internuclear (Video). Lateral gaze results in abduction of the ipsilateral eye, but no adduction of its fellow. Typically the abducting eye also has nystagmus (dissociated nystagmus because it is different in the two eyes). By convention, the INO is labeled by the side of the adduction failure. Failure to adduct is an isolated abnormality in the affected eye; normality of the lid and pupil distinguish an INO from a CN III palsy. Some patients have total adduction failure and some may have exotropia in primary gaze. <br />
The most common causes of an INO are MS and brainstem stroke.(3,5,6) INOs due to MS are usually bilateral and seen in young patients; those due to brainstem vascular disease are more often unilateral and seen in older patients. About 25% are due to unusual causes such as trauma or tumor.(4)<br />
This patient has INOs bilaterally, worse on the right. On left gaze, adduction of the right eye is severely limited and there is nystagmus in the left eye. MRI showed multiple areas of demyelination, including a lesion in the right MLF.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
1. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
2. Campbell WW. DeJong's the neurologic examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer<br />
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.<br />
3. Hassen GW, Bhardwaj N. Images in clinical medicine. Bilateral internuclear<br />
ophthalmoplegia in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 17;368(3):e3. <br />
4. Keane, JR. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: unusual causes in 114 of 410 patients. Arch Neurol. 2005; 62:714-717.<br />
5. McNulty JP, Lonergan R, Bannigan J, O'Laoide R, Rainford LA, Tubridy N.<br />
Visualisation of the medial longitudinal fasciculus using fibre tractography in<br />
multiple sclerosis patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Ir J Med Sci. 2016<br />
May;185(2):393-402. <br />
6. Saini M, Bte Idu Jion Y. Periprocedural stroke presenting as isolated<br />
unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. QJM. 2015 Feb;108(2):165. <br />
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[[Category:Cranial Nerve Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Facial_synkinesis&diff=204Facial synkinesis2016-11-21T20:45:51Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div><embedvideo service="youtube" Alignment="right">https://youtu.be/t6f7vvZ7UqA</embedvideo>Facial synkinesis (synkinesia[s]) occurs after a lesion disrupts CN VII axonal continuity and regenerating fibers grow into the wrong endoneurial tubes. Axons that originally innervated the upper face, especially the orbicularis oculi, are redirected into the lower face, particularly the orbicularis oris, and vice versa. This aberrant regeneration results in cocontraction of facial muscles with voluntary effort. If the patient attempts to close the eye, the mouth twitches. (1) If the patient smiles, the eye may blink. When severe, smiling or laughing or opening the mouth may cause simultaneous spasmodic closure of the eye. In some instances there is ptosis of the eye on smiling or opening the mouth (Marin Amat sign, inverse jaw winking).(2,3) At other times, the synkinetic movements are very subtle. The most common cause of facial synkinesis is Bell's palsy, but it can occur after any facial nerve injury. The most common form is oculo-oral, subtle perioral movements synchronous with blinking.<br />
Facial synkinesis and hemifacial spasm are at times difficult to distinguish. The difference is that with hemifacial spasm there is simultaneous contraction of the entire face that is completely beyond the patient's voluntary control. With facial synkinesis, there is contraction of the aberrantly innervated muscle group with the voluntary contraction of the other muscle group; involuntary contraction of one muscle is simultaneous with voluntary contraction of a different muscle. Hemifacial spasm is completely involuntary. Facial synkinesis can be voluntarily suppressed for a period of time, at least as long as one could voluntarily inhibit blinking. Asking the patient to blink produces the cocontraction of the orbicularis oris, asking the patient to smile produces the cocontraction of the orbicularis oculi. <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
1. Campbell WW. Clinical signs in neurology : a compendium. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2016.<br />
<br />
2. Malhotra A. Marin-Amat syndrome: a case of acquired facial synkinesis. BMJ<br />
Case Rep. 2013 Jul 18;2013. <br />
<br />
3. Mansoor AM, Sullivan PD. Intrafacial Synkinesis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 2;374(22):e27. <br />
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[[Category:Cranial Nerve Signs]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=176Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-30T03:22:35Z<p>Master: </p>
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<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]</span>'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to <span class="newwindow">[http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews]</span>.</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]</span>'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to <span class="newwindow">[http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews]</span>.</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Chaddock%27s_Sign&diff=171Chaddock's Sign2016-10-28T20:10:51Z<p>Master: Master moved page Chaddocks Sign to Chaddock's Sign without leaving a redirect</p>
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<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRNS47zS-ps</embedvideo>A method for eliciting the extensor plantar response by stimulating the lateral aspect of the foot, beginning about under the lateral malleolus near the junction of the dorsal and plantar skin, drawing the stimulus from the heel forward to the small toe. Babinski’s plantar sign is the mainstay of extensor toe signs seen in patients with lesions of the corticospinal tract, the most useful variation is Chaddock’s sign. The response of the toes is the same as with the Babinski. It is occasionally possible to elicit one or more of the alternate extensor toe signs, especially the Chaddock, when the Babinski cannot be obtained.<br />
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[[Category:Feet]][[Category:Toes]]</div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=170MediaWiki:Sidebar2016-10-28T19:26:48Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]</span>'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Clinical Signs</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to <span class="newwindow">[http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews]</span>.</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
</div><br />
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</table><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=156Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:53:09Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; height:auto; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#F5F5FF;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]</span>'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to <span class="newwindow">[http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews]</span>.</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
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</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:33%;background-color:#FFF8FF"><br />
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<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; height:auto; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#FFF8FF;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
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</table><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=155Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:51:06Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; height:auto; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#F5F5FF;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
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<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="newwindow">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:33%;background-color:#FFF8FF"><br />
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<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; height:auto; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#FFF8FF;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=154Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:49:11Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; height:auto; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#F5F5FF;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<table style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<td valign="top" style="width:33%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''<span class="external">[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]</span>'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
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<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="external">[[The Neurologic Examination|link=https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination]]</span>'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="external">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
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[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="external">https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination</span>'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
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<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
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<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
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[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=148Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:26:04Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="external">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
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<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=147Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:24:34Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''<span class="external-link">[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]</span>'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
</div><br />
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<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=146Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:22:49Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; height:auto; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#F5F5FF;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement <span class="external-link">''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]''</span> and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages View all entries]<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=145Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:14:25Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:Categories View all signs & symptoms]<br />
</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=144Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:11:58Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
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<table style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
[http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages All categories]<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=143Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:10:56Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
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</table><br />
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<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=142Neurosigns:Main Page2016-10-03T18:10:12Z<p>Master: </p>
<hr />
<div><div id="div-home-img" style="display:none;">[[File:banner-ankle-1920x250.jpg|link=]]</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<table style="margin:1em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; height:auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
</div><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top" class="hide-mobile" style="display: none;width:34%;background-color:#FFFCF1"><br />
<table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:#ffFcF1;"><br />
<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
</div><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<recent /><br />
http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:AllPages<br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=140Neurosigns:Main Page2016-09-28T20:33:45Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material. [http://neurosigns.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount Apply to become a contributor here].</p><br />
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<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
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<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
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</table></div>Masterhttps://neurosigns.org/index.php?title=Neurosigns:Main_Page&diff=138Neurosigns:Main Page2016-09-11T01:55:36Z<p>Master: </p>
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #8488DC; background-color:#CED1FA; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">About</div><br />
<div style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.75em;"><br />
<p>This website was created by Dr. William W. Campbell for showing and sharing common clinical signs related to the practice of neurology and related disciplines. It is designed to complement ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' and ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology]'' with an emphasis on photos and videos. The entries include brief didactic material; more in depth discussion is available in the two textbooks. The intention is to create a community of interested physicians and medical students. Others are invited to contribute material.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Signs & Symptoms</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Balance</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Eyebrows</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Face</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Feet</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Hands</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Joints</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Muscles</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Smile</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Toes</categorytree><br />
<categorytree mode=pages depth=0>Walking</categorytree><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #E39C79; background-color:Wheat; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Campbell Bio & Publications</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
<p>Dr. William W. Campbell spent his career in academic neurology and in the military, much of it involving teaching students and housestaff, with a particular interest in the neurologic examination. He is the author of over 100 scientific articles and book chapters and five books. In 2005, the 6th edition of Dr. Russell DeJong&#39;s classic textbook ''[https://www.amazon.com/DeJongs-Neurologic-Examination-William-Campbell/dp/1451109202/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473388386&sr=8-1&keywords=dejong+the+neurology+examination The Neurologic Examination]'' was published, followed by a 7th edition in 2014 to [http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/book-review-breaking-down-neurophobia/ favorable reviews].</p><br />
<p>''The Neurologic Examination'' is an exhaustive treatise on both the examination and relevant neurologic conditions. In 2016, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Signs-Neurology-William-Campbell/dp/1451194455/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473389059&sr=8-1&keywords=clinical+signs+in+neurology Clinical Signs in Neurology: A Compendium]'' was published by Wolters Kluwer. The ''Compendium'' approaches the topic of the examination differently, using a dictionary or encyclopedia format with alphabetical entries describing various neurologic signs. It was published on the Inkling platform and includes numerous photographs and videos designed for viewing online or on any portable electronic device.</p><br />
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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #C289C3; background-color:#E6C6E6; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Newest entries</div><br />
<div align="left" style="padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;;"><br />
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